Caracterización de impactos mediante simulaciones cuando se tienen puntos de inyección de energía fotovoltaica

Abstract

One of the main concerns worldwide is to create alternative sources of electricity that are renewable and produce less pollution. On the other hand, it seeks to maintain service and energy quality indicators that are satisfactory for the end user with the possibility of improving them in the medium term. The investigation of the present work of degree arises due to the height of the systems of photovoltaic solar generation (SFV) that have possibilities of injecting energy to the network in the frame of the law 1715 of 2014 [1]. Colombia has a good level of solar radiation in many areas of the national territory according to the studies carried out by UPME in 2015 for the integration of renewables [26], which has given rise to a growing interest in the explotation of this resource in di erent regions of the country, for example projects such as the rst solar farm in Yumbo, 100 solar roofs by Celsia where it will have the capacity to produce 46 megawatts and there is currently a generation potential of 212.39MWp in projects in different regions of the country that search to integrate SFV sources into the traditional power network [3], that is, large consumers can start generating their own energy with photovoltaic solar systems and use the network as a temporary storage system [4]. There is also a concern for the di erent e ects that the injection of FERNC can produce in terms of voltage quality due to variations in the energy ow caused by the modules or loads that make up the system that have been recorded in the literature at the worldwide, in countries where there is a greater penetration of non-conventional renewable energies (ERNC) such as Italy or Germany. In this document a discussion about these problems is developed, explaining the factors that are responsible for the a ectations that can occur in the voltage stability and the harmonic content of current and voltage that are evident in the network due to the presence of sources of ERNC, therefore the problems associated with the power quality in the di erent components of the solar photovoltaic generation subsystems within an electrical network are analyzed. As a case study, the electrical network of the Ponti cia Universidad Javeriana Cali (PUJC) is analyzed through simulation in the NEPLAN simulation software, and two indicators are analyzed: stable voltage stability and harmonic content in current and voltage. This case is taken because a photovoltaic solar system was recently put into operation in some buildings of the campus with a short-term expansion plan, which makes it necessary to analyze the entire network to see the e ects that these subsystems can produce and analyze the possible expansions in the same network. In the rst 3 chapters, the research topic on which the grade work is based along with its objectives, scope and contributions is introduced, in addition to explaining the importance of carrying out this research; in the fourth chapter the fundamental concepts to understand the network architecture at the functional level are presented, supporting with de nitions and analysis the characterization of the impacts of the solar systems, likewise the components of the conventional and integrated electric networks are speci ed; In the fth chapter the indicators to evaluate the power quality in the national interconnected system are presented and the two indicators are established that will be taken into account for the case study evaluated in the degree work; In the sixth chapter the electrical network of the university is described, both conventional and integrated, explaining its characteristics in terms of parameters, design, operation and installation to make the model in the NEPLAN simulation software; in the seventh chapter, the analysis of the results obtained under the model and the simulation of the micro-network are evident; Finally, the conclusions, future works and annexes are presented in order to give continuity to the investigation and achieve the application of the same.