Análisis semiótico de las variaciones discursivas en la presentación de dos noticias publicadas en un medio impreso, en el marco del sistema de significación ideológico implementado por el Chavismo, en los años 1992 y 2013.

Abstract

The present academic work proposes to semiotically analyze the discourse of the Chavista meaning system; starting from two historical events that occurred in different contexts through the discursive action of a printed medium in Venezuela, in order to determine the components of that system immersed in two news and define the concepts that characterize them. The study was carried out based on qualitative research, with a critical dialectical approach and with an emphasis on semiotic analysis that allowed us to determine these symbolic representations. In this way, through the emptying of the information obtained in a denotative table, another connotative table and the analysis itself, it was possible to define the semiotic message of the symbols of Chavismo and to make known the parameters under which the discourse is exposed. For this reason, our main objective was to carry out a semiotic analysis that determined the way in which the system of ideological significance implemented by Chavismo can generate discursive variations in the presentation of both news from the same medium, within the framework of a historical contrast. To achieve this, we identified the signs of political power in the discursiveness of two news items from the newspaper El Universal. Second, the elements that make up the meaning systems were discovered, before and during the Chavista period, to show the ideological variations present in the discourses of the news. Finally, we made a historical contrast of Venezuelan political life from both moments through the emergence of the symbols of Chavista ideology in both news. Through analysis, it was possible to determine that the printed medium El Universal, underwent a change in its discourse since 1992, passing through the influence of the appearance of Chavismo, until today. This is mainly reflected in the news discourse. In the first, the discourse can be considered more official and institutional, and in the second, it becomes more poetic and mystical. In addition, it can be seen how the signs that previously had their own meaning were appropriated by Chavism and were given a new meaning in favor of its socialist ideology.