Barreras que afectan el diagnóstico temprano del cáncer de mama en las mujeres con sospecha o factores de riesgo de cáncer según el modelo de atención de Cosmitet Cali
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Date
2024
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Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali
Abstract
El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar las barreras institucionales que afectan el diagnóstico oportuno del cáncer de mama, especialmente aquellas relacionadas con el acceso a la Ruta Integral de Atención en Salud. Para ello, se analizaron aspectos como la educación en hábitos saludables, el conocimiento sobre los factores de riesgo y la sensibilización del personal de salud acerca de la importancia de la detección temprana. Además, se evaluaron factores relacionados con la infraestructura y los recursos disponibles en las instituciones de salud, así como las políticas públicas que inciden en la atención del cáncer de mama. Los objetivos específicos de la atención en salud para el diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer de mama.
La metodología se basó en un análisis descriptivo, empleando dos métodos de recolección de datos: entrevistas y encuestas. Estos instrumentos permitieron identificar las barreras institucionales percibidas tanto por las usuarias como por el personal de la organización, proporcionando una visión general de los posibles factores que dificultan el acceso a la detección temprana del cáncer de mama.
Los resultados indican que las principales barreras están relacionadas con el sistema de salud, incluyendo deficiencias en la coordinación de los servicios y limitaciones en la infraestructura. La identificación de estos obstáculos permitirá implementar estrategias de mejora en la atención, optimizando el uso de los recursos disponibles y, en consecuencia, contribuyendo a una mayor supervivencia y la reducción de la morbilidad asociada al cáncer de mama.
Por otro lado, se identifican barreras intermedias, como la demora en la detección, factores propios de las usuarias y el desconocimiento de la ruta de promoción y mantenimiento de la salud.
The objective of this research was to identify institutional barriers affecting the timely diagnosis of breast cancer, especially those related to access to the Comprehensive Health Care Route. To achieve this, aspects such as education on healthy habits, knowledge of risk factors, and awareness among healthcare personnel about the importance of early detection were analyzed. Additionally, factors related to infrastructure and available resources in healthcare institutions were evaluated, as well as public policies influencing breast cancer care. The methodology was based on a descriptive analysis, using two data collection methods: interviews and surveys. These instruments allowed for the identification of institutional barriers perceived by both users and organizational staff, providing an overview of the potential factors hindering access to early breast cancer detection. The results indicate that the main barriers are related to the healthcare system, including deficiencies in service coordination and infrastructure limitations. Identifying these obstacles will enable the implementation of improvement strategies in patient care, optimizing the use of available resources and, consequently, contributing to increased survival rates and reduced morbidity associated with breast cancer. Additionally, intermediate barriers were identified, such as delays in detection, user-related factors, and a lack of knowledge about the health promotion and maintenance pathway.
The objective of this research was to identify institutional barriers affecting the timely diagnosis of breast cancer, especially those related to access to the Comprehensive Health Care Route. To achieve this, aspects such as education on healthy habits, knowledge of risk factors, and awareness among healthcare personnel about the importance of early detection were analyzed. Additionally, factors related to infrastructure and available resources in healthcare institutions were evaluated, as well as public policies influencing breast cancer care. The methodology was based on a descriptive analysis, using two data collection methods: interviews and surveys. These instruments allowed for the identification of institutional barriers perceived by both users and organizational staff, providing an overview of the potential factors hindering access to early breast cancer detection. The results indicate that the main barriers are related to the healthcare system, including deficiencies in service coordination and infrastructure limitations. Identifying these obstacles will enable the implementation of improvement strategies in patient care, optimizing the use of available resources and, consequently, contributing to increased survival rates and reduced morbidity associated with breast cancer. Additionally, intermediate barriers were identified, such as delays in detection, user-related factors, and a lack of knowledge about the health promotion and maintenance pathway.
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Keywords
Diagnóstico oportuno, Barreras estructurales, Factores de riesgo, Cáncer de mama, Breast cancer, Timely diagnosis, Structural barriers, Risk factors