Problemas de riesgo moral y/o selección adversa en las relaciones contractuales crediticias en instituciones financieras: una revisión de literatura
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Date
2025
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Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali
Abstract
El estudio analiza los problemas de riesgo moral y selección adversa en las relaciones contractuales crediticias en instituciones financieras, destacando su impacto en la estabilidad del sistema financiero. Se realiza una revisión de literatura con un análisis bibliométrico de los últimos diez años, identificando enfoques clave como la tecnología, la eficiencia del mercado, el derecho económico, la inclusión financiera y la dimensión ética. Los principales hallazgos indican que la asimetría de información genera comportamientos oportunistas en el sector financiero, afectando tanto a los bancos como a los prestatarios. Se resalta el papel de la tecnología, como la inteligencia artificial y blockchain, para mitigar estos problemas al mejorar la transparencia y la gestión del riesgo. Asimismo, se enfatiza la importancia de regulaciones efectivas y políticas de transparencia para reducir el impacto del riesgo moral en el mercado de crédito. Finalmente, se concluye que la combinación de avances tecnológicos, políticas regulatorias y una cultura financiera ética puede ser clave para reducir la asimetría de información y fortalecer la confianza en el sistema financiero
This study analyzes the problems of moral hazard and adverse selection in credit contractual relationships in financial institutions, highlighting their impact on the stability of the financial system. A literature review is conducted with a bibliometric analysis of the last ten years, identifying key approaches such as technology, market efficiency, economic law, financial inclusion, and the ethical dimension. The main findings indicate that information asymmetry generates opportunistic behavior in the financial sector, affecting both banks and borrowers. The study highlights the role of technology, such as artificial intelligence and blockchain, in mitigating these problems by improving transparency and risk management. It also emphasizes the importance of effective regulations and transparency policies to reduce the impact of moral hazard in the credit market. Finally, it concludes that the combination of technological advances, regulatory policies, and an ethical financial culture can be key to reducing information asymmetry and strengthening trust in the financial system.
This study analyzes the problems of moral hazard and adverse selection in credit contractual relationships in financial institutions, highlighting their impact on the stability of the financial system. A literature review is conducted with a bibliometric analysis of the last ten years, identifying key approaches such as technology, market efficiency, economic law, financial inclusion, and the ethical dimension. The main findings indicate that information asymmetry generates opportunistic behavior in the financial sector, affecting both banks and borrowers. The study highlights the role of technology, such as artificial intelligence and blockchain, in mitigating these problems by improving transparency and risk management. It also emphasizes the importance of effective regulations and transparency policies to reduce the impact of moral hazard in the credit market. Finally, it concludes that the combination of technological advances, regulatory policies, and an ethical financial culture can be key to reducing information asymmetry and strengthening trust in the financial system.
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Keywords
Riesgo moral, Selección adversa, Asimetría de información, Regulación financiera, Tecnología financiera, Moral hazard, Adverse selection, Asymmetry information, Financial regulation financial technology